دانلود کتاب اصول و عمل ایمونوتراپی سرطان: منعکس کننده پیشرفت های عمده در زمینه ایمونوآنکولوژی و ایمونولوژی سرطان

Thoroughly updated to reflect major advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this second edition of Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), remains the definitive resource for information on tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy treatments. An essential reference for both novice and experienced cancer researchers, oncologists, and related practitioners alike, the book not only guides readers through the fundamental scientific principles of the field all the way to translational and practical clinical applications for treating and managing oncologic disease, but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory processes that support the safe and effective delivery of immunotherapy to patients with cancer.  The expanded and updated second edition now spans 68 chapters, including 12 new chapters, covering major topics and innovations that have shaped the rapid development of immunotherapy and its ascension into the standard of care as first-line treatment for a growing number of disease settings. New to this edition are chapters with deeper insight into our understanding of cancer genomics and determinants of response, immunogenic cell death, cancer and stromal cell-intrinsic pathways of immune resistance, cancer immune exclusion, adoptive cell therapy, metabolomics, tumor mutation burden, immunotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, synthetic biology, and more. Complete with detailed illustrations, tables, and key points for targeted reference, Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, Second Edition is the most comprehensive and authoritative resource for scientists and clinicians looking to expand their knowledge base of this dynamic field.  Key Features: Offers key insights and perspectives on cancer immunology and immunotherapy treatments from renowned experts in the field Covers the basic principles and science behind cancer immunotherapy and tumor immunology Includes treatment strategies for a vast array of available immunotherapy classes and agents, such as cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, CAR T therapies, and combination immunotherapies Provides essential information on FDA-approved immunotherapies, including clinical management and outcome data related to response rates, risks, and toxicities Discusses special considerations for immunotherapy in the context of specific disease settings, including skin cancers, genitourinary cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, gynecologic malignancies, breast cancers, lung cancers, head and neck cancers, brain tumors, sarcomas, pediatric cancers, and treatments combined with radiation therapy Clarifies the complex regulatory aspects behind the development and approval of immunotherapy drugs Purchase includes access to the eBook for use on most mobile devices or computers Publisher: Springer Publishing Company 

Contributors
Preface
About the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer
Acknowledgments
Abbreviation List
Chapter 1: History of Cancer Immunotherapy
Introduction
Early Days of Immunotherapy
Monoclonal Antibodies
Cytokines and Nonspecific Immune Activators
Vaccines
Overcoming Immunosuppressive Factors
Conclusion
Key References
Section I: Basic Principles of Tumor Immunology
Chapter 2: Introduction to Basic Sciences: The Caduceus of Cancer-Immune Responsiveness and Cancer Biology
Modern Immunotherapy of Cancer
Most Malignant Tumors in Adults are Epithelial
Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules Including HMGB1 Promote the Tumor Microenvironment and local and
Systemic autophagy
Innate Immunity Initiates the Immune Response Against Cancer
T Cells are Central to the Immune Response to Cancer
Acquired Resistance to T Cells Involves Tumor Intrinsic and Emergent Changes in the Tumor Microenvironment
Immunotherapy Against Cancer Exploits a Natural and Broadly Conserved Immunological Behavior
Tumor Rejection is the Extreme Manifestation of a Continuum of Immune Surveillance
Tumor Rejection is Multifactorial; in Particular, Cancer Rejection is  Characterized by Genetic Instability of the Target Tissue, Adding  Complexity to the Understanding of its Mechanisms
Initiating an Immune Response: The Outstanding Question
Integrating Cancer Biology and Tumor Immunology
Back to Cancer Biology
Complex Problems do not Necessarily Demand Complex Solutions
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 3: Genomic Determinants of Cancer Immune Response and Resistance
Introduction
Tumor Immune “Visibility”
Tumor Immune “Susceptibility”
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 4: Human Tumor Antigens Recognized by T Lymphocytes
Introduction
Tumor Antigen Discovery Process
Classes of Human Tumor Antigens Recognized by T Cells
Other Types of Tumor Antigens
Tumor Antigens Recognized by Antibodies or Chimeric Antigen Receptors
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 5: Structural and Functional Defects in HLA Class I Antigen  Processing Machinery in Cancer Cells: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical  Relevance
Introduction
HLA Class I APM Structure and Function
Methodology to Detect HLA Class I APM Component Expression in Tumor Tissues
HLA Class I APM Component Defects in Cancer
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Defects in HLA Class I APM Components In Malignant Cancers
Clinical Significance of HLA Class I APM Component Defects in Cancer Cells
Potential Role of HLA Class I APM Component Defects in Resistance to Treatment with Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 6: Systems Biology of T Cells
Introduction
Resources and Tools Used to Generate Data for Systems Biology Approaches
Application of Systems Biology Approaches in Cancer Biology
Application of Simulation-Based Analysis
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 7: Activation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Introduction
The in Vivo Anatomy of T Cell Activation
Sequence of T Cell Activation
Signals for T Cell Activation
Effector and Memory CD4+ T Cells
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 8: Regulation of Cell-Mediated Immunity: The Biology of Checkpoints and Regulatory T Cells
Introduction
Immunological Tolerance: Basic Principles
Immune Checkpoints Maintained by Inhibitory Receptors
Regulatory T Cells
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 9: B Cells in Solid Tumors: Their Role in Tumor Pathogenesis and Antitumor Immunity
Introduction
B Cell Suppression of Antitumor Immunity: Early Evidence
Mechanisms of B Cell Suppression of Antitumor Immunity
B Cell Effects on Tumor Angiogenesis
B Cell Effects on Metastases
B Cells in Prostate, Pancreatic, Gastrointestinal, and Hepatocellular Cancers and Other Solid Tumors
Summary
B Cells may Mediate Antitumor Effects: The Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 10: Functional Status of T Cells: Stemness Versus Terminal Differentiation
Introduction
Semantics
Characteristics of T Cell Exhaustion (TEX)
Characteristics of T Memory Stem Cells (Tscm)
Cellular Metabolism and Hypoxia
Clinical Implications
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 11: The Innate Immune System: Macrophages and Neutrophils
Introduction
Myeloid Cells in Cancer
High-Dimensional Single-Cell Profiling of Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells
Myeloid Cells in Tumor Initiation and Progression
Prognostic Significance of Myeloid Cells in Cancer
Suppression of Adaptive Immunity by Myeloid Cells
Myeloid Cells and Immunotherapies
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 12: Natural Killer Cell Effector Mechanisms Against Solid Tumors and Leukemias and Their Exploitation in Immunotherapy
Natural Killer Cell Effector Mechanisms and Their Distribution Among  Distinct Natural Killer Cell Subsets and Body Compartments
Exploitation of Natural Killer Cell Effector Mechanisms Against Hematologic Malignancies
Exploitation of Natural Killer Cell Effector Mechanisms Against Solid Tumors
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 13: Immunogenic Cell Death and Cancer
Introduction
Antigenicity
Adjuvanticity
Microenvironment
Implications for Cancer Therapy
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 14: Cancer Cell-Intrinsic Pathways of Immune Resistance
Introduction
Immunological Effects and Therapeutic Targeting of Selected Oncogenic Driver Mutations
EGFR Pathway Activation and Responsiveness to Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Impact of Upregulated PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway in Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy
The WNT/Β-Catenin Pathway and Immune Response
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 15: Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Regulators of Tumor Immunity
Introduction
Chemokines Network in Antitumor Immune Response
Chemokine Network in Protumor Immune Response
Emerging Immunotherapies Targeting Chemokine Receptors and Chemokines
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 16: Role of the Tumor Microenvironment
Tumors Depend on Suppressive Mechanisms in the Tumor Microenvironment for Survival
CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways: The Classic Immune Checkpoints
Defective Antigen-Presenting Cells in the Tumor Milieu
TGF-β and the “Cold” Tumor Microenvironment
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tolerance to Tumor Cells
Overcoming Therapy-Induced Counter-Regulation
Activated Regulatory T Cells Induced by Tumors
The Tumor Microenvironment as a Target for Therapy
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 17: Cancer-Immune Exclusion: An Enigmatic Phenomenon
The Enigma of Immune Exclusion
Clinical Relevance of Immune Exclusion
Immune Infiltration as the Hallmark of Immune Surveillance
Prevalence of Immune Exclusion in Human Cancers
Mechanisms of Immune Exclusion
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 18: Cancer Biomarkers: Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells Programmed Death-Ligand 1, and Tumor Mutation Burden
Introduction
Immune Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Tumor Mutation Burden in Cancer Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 19: Role of the Microbiota in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy
Introduction
Immune System Toning by the Microbiota
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 20: Synthetic Biology for the Immunotherapy of Cancer
Introduction to the Field
Synthetic Immunology
Sensing Inputs
Processing and Control
Actuation and Output
Future Perspective
Conclusion
Key References
Section II: Cancer Immunotherapy Targets and Classes
Chapter 21: Introduction to Principles of Cancer Immunotherapy
Premise for Cancer Immunotherapy
Key Components of the Antitumor Immune Response: General Considerations
Tumor Recognition and the Integration of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity and the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response
The Tumor Fights Back: Evasion and Subversion of the Host Immune Response
Therapeutic Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy
Enhancing Immune Surveillance
Mobilizing and Focusing the Antitumor Immune Response
Activating and Driving the Antitumor Immune Response
Taking the Brakes off the Immune Response
Reversal of Tumor-Mediated Immune Suppression
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 22: Manipulating Innate Immune Pathways for Cancer Immunotherapy
Introduction
Innate Immune Pathways Mediating Host Antigen-Presenting Cell Activation in the Tumor Context
Innate Lymphoid Cell Populations
Influence of the Host Microbiota
Therapeutic Interventions Based on the Manipulation of Innate Immunity
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 23: Cancer Vaccines: Considerations of Antigen, Formulation, and Delivery
Introduction
Tumor Neoantigen-Based Cancer Vaccines
Promoting Memory T Cell Development During Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination
Nanoparticle Vaccines as Novel Delivery Vehicles to Promote Antigen Uptake by Pro-Inflammatory Dendritic cell Populations
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 24: T Cell Modulatory Cytokines
Introduction
Cytokine Overview
Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokines and Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 25: Non-Engineered Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Introduction
The Beginnings of Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Adoptive Transfer of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Endogenous T Cell Therapy
Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors Beyond Melanoma
Adoptive T Cell Therapy in Combination Strategies
Desirable T Cell Phenotypes for Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Adoptive Transfer of GD T Cells
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 26: CAR T Cell Therapy
Introduction
Genetic modification of T Cells With T cell Receptors
Genetic Modification of T cells With Synthetic Receptors
Barriers to Effective Adoptive T Cell Transfer and Potential Solutions
Cell Manufacturing and Allogeneic Approaches
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 27: Immunotherapy Based on Blocking T Cell Inhibitory Pathways
Introduction
Basic Biology of Negative Regulatory Pathways
Metabolic Negative Regulators of T Cells
Therapeutic Targeting of Immune Checkpoints
Immune-Related Toxicities Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 28: Agonistic Antibodies to Co-Stimulatory Molecules
Introduction
Co-Stimulatory Molecules and Their Effects in Cancer Development
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 29: Immune Effects of Conventional Cancer Therapeutics
Introduction
On-Target Immune Effects
Off-Target Immune Effects
Potential Role of the Genetic Background of the Host
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 30: Oncolytic Viruses
History of Oncolytic Viruses
Virus Biology and the Principles of Oncolytic Virotherapy
Methods for Improving OV Safety and Efficacy
Families of Oncolytic Viruses in Clinical Development
The Clinical Development of Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC)
Oncolytic Viruses Exert Their Antitumor Effects Through Multiple Mechanisms of Action
Barriers to Oncolytic Viruses Delivery and Alternative Strategies to Overcome Them
Alternative Strategies to Enhance Oncolytic Virus Efficacy
Safety Concerns With Oncolytic Virus Clinical Development
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 31: Metabolism of Tumor Immunity
Introduction
The Metabolism of Highly Proliferative Cells
Metabolism, the Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunity
Therapeutic Implications of Cancer Immunometabolism
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 32: Principles of Combination Immunotherapies
Introduction
Building Combination Therapies on the Backbone of the Programmed Cell Death 1 Pathway Inhibition
“Immuno Plus Immuno” Combination Therapies
“Immuno Plus Standard of Care” Combination Therapies
Targeting the Microenvironment
Strategies to Minimize Combination-Associated Toxicity: Dosing, Sequencing, and Lessons From Initial Experience
Biomarkers for Combination Immunotherapies
Conclusion
Key References
Section III: Immune Function in Cancer Patients
Chapter 33: Introduction to Immune Function in Cancer Patients
Chapter 34: Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells in Cancer Progression and Therapy Response
Introduction
Monocytes and Immature Myeloid Cells
Macrophages (MΦ)
Dendritic Cells
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Mast Cells
Eosinophils
Basophils
Methods for Profiling Myelomonocytic Cells in Cancer
Myeloid Cells and Response to Cancer Chemotherapy
Myeloid Cells as Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 35: Intratumoral Gene Signatures and Host Genetic Variations Associated With Immune Responsiveness
Introduction
Part 1: Intratumoral Signatures Associated With Immune Responsiveness
Part 2: Host Genetic Variations Associated With Immune Responsiveness
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 36: Impact of Somatic Mutations on the Local and Systemic Antitumor Immune Response
Introduction
Impact of Somatic Mutations on Gene Expression and Protein Function
Establishing a Local and Productive Antitumor Immune Response
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 37: Tumor Antigen Profiling
Introduction
Biology of Neoantigens
Evidence for Clinical Relevance of Neoantigens
Neoantigen Discovery
Translation Application for Neoantigens
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 38: Assessment of Antitumor Immunity in Blood and Lymph Nodes
Assessment Of Antitumor Immunity in Blood and Lymph Nodes
Importance of T Cell Avidity
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 39: Regulatory T Cell Biology and Its Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy
Introduction
Treg Cell Identity
Heterogeneity and Plasticity Among FOXP3+ Treg Cell Subsets
Metabolic Regulation of Treg Cell Phenotype
Targeting Treg Cells in Cancer Patients
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 40: Systemic Measures of Immune Function in Cancer Patients: Other Suppressive Cellular Mechanisms
Introduction
Regulatory T Cells
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Other Immunosuppressive Cell Types
Therapies for Targeting Immmunosuppressive Populations
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 41: Circulating Mediators of Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
Introduction
Regulatory T Cells in Cancer
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer
Tumor-Derived Exosomes
Interactions of Tumor-Derived Exomes and Immune Cells
Tumor-Derived Exome and Regulatory T Cell Collaboration
Effects of Tumor-Derived Exomes on Functions of Cd8+ Effector Cells and Natural Killer Cells
Evaluation of Reprogrammed Non-Tumor-Derived Exomes in Cancer Patients’ Plasma
Mechanisms Involved in Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Suppression in Cancer
Biological Significance of Tumor-Derived Exomes in Cancer
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 42: Harnessing B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures for Antitumor Immunity
Introduction
Brief Primer on B Cell Differentiation and Maturation
Clinical Significance Of B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Human Tumors
Heterogeneity of B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Tumor Microenvironment
How do Intratumoral B Cells Contribute to Tumor Immunity?
Harnessing B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures for Cancer Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 43: Blood Transcriptomic Approaches to Cancer Immunotherapy
Background: Immunomonitoring and Cancer Immunotherapy
Blood Transcriptomics Technology Primer
The Use of Blood Transcriptomics
Blood Transcriptome Module Repertoires
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 44: Advances in Techniques for Immunotherapy Biomarker Analysis
Introduction
Tumor-Based Biomarkers
Minimally Invasive Biomarkers
Stool-Based Biomarker Assays
Metabolomics
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 45: Predictive Biomarkers (Programmed Death Ligand 1  Expression, Microsatellite Instability, and Tumor Mutational Burden) for  Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Introduction
Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression Analysis
Microsatellite Instability
Tumor Mutational Burden
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 46: Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism as a Primordial Checkpoint in Antitumor T Cell Immunity
Introduction
Deregulated Metabolism as a Key Hallmark of Tumor Cells
Metabolic Features of the Tumor Microenvironment
T Cell Activation and Metabolism
Metabolic Regulation of T Cell Effector Function and Fate
Nutrient Sensing in Control of T Cell Fate and Function
T Cell Hyporesponsive Phenotypes and Their Metabolic Links
Implications for Effective Antitumor Immunity and Improvements in Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 47: Age-Related Immune Function Changes as They Relate to Cancer Immunotherapy
Introduction
Immunosenescence
Peripheral Immune Parameters Correlating With Cancer Patient Survival
Expected Effect Of Age on the Response To Shared Antigens Versus Neoantigens, and Remedial Action
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 48: Clinical Measures: Tumor Response Assessments, Pseudoprogression, and Immunometabolism
Introduction
Imaging-Based Response Criteria
Imaging Modalities and Novel Techniques
Defining and Managing Pseudoprogression
Immunometabolism
Tissue-Based Immunometabolism Response Monitoring
Conclusion
Key References
Section IV: Disease-Specific Treatments and Outcomes
Chapter 49: Introduction: General Approach to Cancer Immunotherapy-Lessons Learned From the Past Years
Introduction
Checkpoint Inhibitors
Differential Effect on the Basis of Biology
Biomarkers
Unique Safety Profile
From Metastatic Disease to Adjuvant Therapy
Neoadjuvant Therapy: The Next Step
Efficacy in Brain Metastases
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 50: Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Introduction
Melanoma and Immune System
Cytokines
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 51: Other Cutaneous Tumors: Basal Cell Carcinoma, Cutaneous  Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, and Cutaneous Sarcomas
Introduction
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous Sarcomas
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 52: Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancies
Introduction
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Bladder Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 53: Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Introduction
Immune-Modulatory Targets in Gastric Cancer Molecular Subtypes
Early Clinical Data With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer
Other Immune-Modulatory Approaches in Gastric Cancer
Role of Programmed Cell Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibition in Gastric Cancer
Role of Immune Modulation in Colorectal Cancer
Scientific Rationale and Clinical Data for Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Instability High Colorectal Cancer
Impact of Immunotherapy on Microsatellite Instability High Colorectal Cancer
Rationale for Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers
Clinical Data for Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 54: Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background, Epidemiology, and Risk Factors
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatments
The Immunological Environment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatic Immune Tolerogenesis
Pathogenesis and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immune-Mediated Mechanisms
Immunotherapeutic Approaches
Vaccines
Adoptive Transfer of Genetically Modified Lymphocytes
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Natural Killer Cells
Toll-Like Receptor Agonists
Predictive Biomarkers
Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression
Tumor Mutational Burden
The Gut Microbiota as Potential Biomarker
Systemic Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Antibodies
Anti-Programmed Death Ligand 1 Antibodies
Anti-Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Antibodies
Combination Therapies Between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Drugs
Immunotherapy in Localized Disease
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 55: Immunotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies
Introduction
Ovarian Cancer
Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 56: Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Introduction
Breast Cancer is a Heterogeneous Disease
Molecular Targets for Breast Cancer Therapy
Host–Tumor Interactions and Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Immune Checkpoint Modulation for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Immune Checkpoint Modulation for Early Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer Vaccines for Therapy and Prevention
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 57: Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Introduction
Lung Cancer Vaccine
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Treatment
Evaluation of Tissue Biopsy at the Time of Diagnosis
Mesothelioma
Immune-Related Toxicities
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 58: Head and Neck Cancer
Introduction
Immune Escape in Head and Neck Cancer
Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 59: Immunotherapy of Hematologic Malignancies: Lymphomas, Leukemias, and Myeloma
Immunotherapy of Hematologic Malignancies: Unique Opportunities and Challenges
Lymphomas and Lymphoid Leukemias
Multiple Myeloma
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 60: Brain Tumors
Primary and Secondary (Metastatic) Brain Tumors
Immunology of the Brain and Brain Tumors
Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Brain Tumors—Recent Clinical Trials
Oncolytic Viroimmunotherapy for Glioma
Perspectives of Immunotherapy in Brain Cancers
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 61: Sarcomas
Introduction To Sarcomas
The Sarcoma Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Adoptive Cellular Therapy
Vaccination Strategies
Other Immunotherapy Strategies
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 62: Pediatric Cancers: Neuroblastoma
Introduction
Pediatric Cancers: Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Passive Immunotherapy
Active Immunotherapy
Future Directions
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 63: Immunotherapy in Combination With Radiation Therapy
Introduction
The Immune System Contributes to the Success of Radiation Therapy
Radiation Signals Danger and Activates Proinflammatory Pathways
Immune-Adjuvant Effects of Radiation Therapy
Abscopal Effect
Immunosuppressive Effects of Radiation Therapy
Radiotherapy–Immunotherapy Combinations
Optimizing Radiotherapy-Immunotherapy Combinations
Conclusion
Key References
Section V: Regulatory Aspects of the Biological Therapy of Cancer
Chapter 64: Regulatory Considerations for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
Introduction
Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Cancer Vaccines
General Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Viral Vectored Cancer Vaccines
Specific Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Viral Vectored Cancer Vaccines
Specific Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Neoantigen-Based Peptide Cancer Vaccines
Specific Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccines
Clinical Considerations for Cancer Vaccines
Expedited Programs for Serious Conditions
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 65: A Regulatory Perspective on Cell Therapy for Cancer:  Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Preclinical, and Clinical  Considerations
Introduction
Regulatory Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Considerations for Cell Therapy Products
Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control, Preclinical, and Clinical  Regulatory Considerations for Different Classes of Immunotherapies
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 66: Gene Therapy-Based Immunotherapy Products for Human  Clinical Trials: Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Preclinical, and  Clinical Considerations: An FDA Perspective
Introduction
Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Recommendations for Gene Therapy Products
Preclinical Recommendations for Gene Therapy Products
Clinical Considerations for Investigational Gene Therapy Products
Considerations for Late-Stage Product Development
Additional Considerations That are Applicable to Specific Product Classes Used in Immunotherapy Applications
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key References
Chapter 67: Combination Immunotherapies: Regulatory Considerations
Introduction
Combination Therapy is not Synonymous With Combination Product
Combination Immunotherapy for Cancer
Potential of the Combination of Cancer Immunotherapy
Preclinical Considerations for Combination Therapies
Clinical Considerations
Combination Therapy: Safety Considerations
Long-Term Follow-Up
Companion Diagnostics
Conclusion
Key References
Chapter 68: Regulatory Considerations for In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices
Introduction
In Vitro Companion Diagnostic Devices in Precision Medicine
Food and Drug Administration Oversight of in Vitro Diagnostic Devices
Resources
Index